Differential protein expression of osteoclastogenic factors in odontogenic cysts and tumors

Abstract: The osteolytic activity of odontogenic cysts and tumors is directly associated with their growth and aggressiveness. The influence of proteins expressed by epithelial and mesenchymal cells on this biological event differs between indolent cystic lesions, aggressive cystic lesions, and odontogenic tumors. The objective of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of factors that stimulate (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand - RANKL, cathepsin K - CatK and matrix metallopeptidase 8 - MMP-8) and inhibit (osteoprotegerin - OPG) osteoclastogenesis between dentigerous cyst (DC), glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and ameloblastoma (AB). Paraffin-embedded sections of nine DCs, nine GOCs, 20 OKCs, 21 ABs, and four dental follicles (DFs) were subjected to immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was analyzed semiquantitatively and quantitatively in epithelium and connective tissue, respectively. The proteins were immunoexpressed in epithelial and mesenchymal cells of all lesions studied. The expression of RANKL and CatK was higher in OKC, AB, and GOC (p<0.005). Higher expression of OPG was found in DF and DC compared to the other markers (p<0.005). MMP-8 expression was high in GOC and OKC. This study demonstrated the differential expression of factors that inhibit and stimulate bone resorption during the development of DC, GOC, OKC, and AB. Higher expression of RANKL and CatK was observed in more aggressive lesions. OPG appears to be one of the molecules responsible for the slower growth of DC.

Reconstruções orbitárias: relato de três casos / Orbital reconstructions: three case reports

Objetivo: este trabalho visa a apresentar uma série detrês casos clínicos com diferentes condutas para tratamentode fraturas de assoalho de órbita. Relato decasos: no primeiro caso, o paciente, sexo masculino,foi vítima de ferimento por arma de fogo, apresentandodiplopia, trismo e queixas estéticas. A conduta seguidafoi reconstrução do assoalho da órbita com telade titânio isolada. No segundo caso, o paciente, sexomasculino, foi vítima de acidente motociclístico, apresentandodiplopia e enoftalmo. A conduta seguida foireconstrução utilizando associação de tela de titâniocom polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA). No terceiro caso, opaciente, sexo masculino, foi vítima de acidente automobilístico,apresentando enoftalmo, diplopia e perdade projeção malar. A conduta seguida foi reconstruçãoutilizando associação da tela de titânio com PMMA.Nos três casos, os pacientes evoluíram com melhora doquadro clínico, mostrando-se satisfeitos com os resultadosestético e funcional. Considerações finais: emboraas condutas sejam diversificadas e variem entre cirurgiões,é importante o conhecimento das técnicas e dosmateriais a serem utilizados, bem como das vantagense desvantagens de cada intervenção, sendo de fundamentalimportância também a avaliação de cada casoem particular. (AU)

Objective: this study aims to present a series of three clinical cases with different approaches to the treatment of orbital floor fracture. Case reports: in the first case, the male patient was a victim of gunshot wounds, presenting diplopia, trismus, and aesthetic complaints. The treatment selected was the reconstruction of the orbital floor with an isolated titanium mesh. In the second case, the male patient was a victim of a motorcycle accident, evolving with diplopia and enophthalmos. The procedure followed was reconstruction using the association of a titanium mesh with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). In the third case, the male patient was the victim of an automobile accident, presenting enophthalmos, diplopia, and loss of malar projection. In this case, the reconstruction procedure was adopted using the association of a titanium mesh with PMMA. In all three cases, the patients evolved with improvement of the clinical condition, showing satisfaction with the aesthetic and functional results. Final considerations: although there are several procedures that vary among surgeons, it is important to understand the techniques and materials used, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each intervention; it is also essential to assess each case in particular. (AU)

Schwannoma em cavidade oral: relato de caso / Schwannoma in oral cavit: case report

Introdução: O schwannoma é uma neoplasia benigna que se origina nas células de Schwann da bainha de mielina dos nervos periféricos motores, sensitivos, simpáticos e dos pares cranianos. Apresenta etiologia desconhecida, e raramente ocorre em região buco-maxilo-facial (aproximadamente 1% dos casos), necessitando de tratamento cirúrgico da lesão. Objetivo: Relatar o caso de uma paciente com schwannoma benigno em cavidade oral, com tratamento cirúrgico para remoção da lesão. Relato de Caso: Paciente do gênero feminino, 18 anos, compareceu ao ambulatório do Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial da Universidade Federal da Bahia com a seguinte queixa principal: "tem uma lesão na minha boca". Ao exame clínico foi possível observar aumento de volume de consistência firme, séssil, limites bem definidos, de coloração semelhante à mucosa, em região de palato duro. Após biópsia incisional, o laudo concluiu compatibilidade com schwannoma benigno. O plano de tratamento incluiu a abordagem cirúrgica da lesão e posterior análise histopatológica, confirmando o diagnóstico de schwannoma benigno. Considerações finais: A excisão cirúrgica do schwannoma benigno com margem de segurança favorece um bom prognóstico para o paciente, bem como menor chance de recidivas e de transformação maligna da lesão(AU)

Introduction: Schwannoma is a benign neoplasm that originates in the Schwann cells of the myelin sheath of peripheral motor, sensory, sympathetic nerves and cranial nerves. It presents unknown etiology, and rarely occurs in the maxillofacial region (approximately 1% of cases), requiring surgical treatment of the lesion. Objective: To report the case of a patient with benign schwannoma in the oral cavity, with surgical treatment to remove the lesion. Case Report: Patient V.M.S., female, 18 years old, attended the clinic of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology of the Federal University of Bahia with the following main complaint: "there is a lesion in my mouth". At the clinical examination, it was possible to observe an increase in the volume of firm consistency, sessile, well-defined limits of mucosa-like staining in the hard palate region. Absence of painful complaints on palpation. After an incisional biopsy, the report concluded compatibility with benign schwannoma. The treatment plan included the surgical approach of the lesion under general anesthesia. The lesion was excised (with a safety margin) and histopathological analysis was performed, confirming the diagnosis of benign schwannoma. Final considerations: Surgical excision of the benign schwannoma with margin of safety favors a good prognosis for the patient, as well as a lower chance of relapse and malignant transformation of the lesion(AU)